Why Was the Area Once Called Kafiristan?
Kafiristan, meaning 'land of the non-believers', was an outsider's name for the mountain region on both sides of today's Pakistan–Afghanistan border where people kept non-Islamic faiths. The Afghan part was converted and renamed Nuristan in the 1890s [CONFIRM]. The Kalash of Chitral are often described as the last community keeping that older faith.
Written by Saqib U Rehman, Founder, Kalash Tours (Chaqon Global Tours), DTS PR 6331
Last verified: October 2026
Where was Kafiristan?
The name covered the high valleys of the Hindu Kush in what is now Nuristan in Afghanistan and the bordering valleys of Chitral, including the Kalash valleys. [CONFIRM: exact extent]
Why did the name change?
After the Afghan side was brought under Kabul's rule and converted, it was renamed Nuristan, 'land of light'. [CONFIRM: dates and details]
How does this relate to the Kalash?
The Kalash of Bumburet, Rumbur and Birir kept their own religion and customs, which is why the old name is still mentioned in travel writing about the area.
Is 'Kafir' an acceptable word to use?
It is considered offensive by many. Use 'Kalash' or 'Kalasha' instead.
Frequently asked questions
It means 'land of the non-believers', a name given by outsiders.